Building structure



J. s. NAGEL 2,081,499

BUILDING STRUCTURE May 25, 193 7.

Filed Nov. 19, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet l May 25, 1937. J. 5. NAGEL 2,081,499

BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed Nov. 19, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 2 1937- J. s.NAGEL 2,081,499

BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed Nov. 19, 19:55 .5 Sheeis-Shef 3' Patented May25, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 13 Claims.

This invention relates to building structures and particularly toferro-concrete structures.

One object of my invention is the provision of a preformed building unitdesigned to be used for the outside and inside walls, for floors,ceilings and roofs, which unit consists of an outer substantially oblongmetallic frame, the space defined by said frame being filled withinitially plastic material anchored to the frame, the longitudinalelements of the frame being angular in cross-section whereby to securemaximum strength against crushing and other strains and whereby torelieve the filling mass of artificial stone from all strains, saidlongitudinal elements being V- shaped in cross-section but disposed withthe apices of both elements in the same direction to thus permit thelongitudinal element of one frame to be readily inserted into theV-shaped groove formed by the longitudinal element of an adjacent frame,providing a metal to metal contact whereby the two contiguous metalelements may be welded to each other.

A further object in this connection is to provide a building unit, asabove referred to, with transversely extending cross bars connecting thelongitudinal bars, these cross bars being inwardly flanged to thussecure strength to the cross bars against strains and bind theartificial stone within the frame and protect the edges of theartificial stone filling to thus prevent flaking, cracking or breakingoff of these corners.

A further object of the invention is to provide a building structureentirely composed of the units above described, all of the units beingwelded to each other so that the walls, partitions, floors, etc., areformed of a plurality of mutually bracing welded metallic elementsconstituting a metallic skeletonic structure filled with initiallyplastic material which is not subjected to any strain, the building,because of the metallic skeletonic structure, being particularly able towithstand earthquakes, shocks and high wind pressures, because of theelasticity of the frame.

A still further object is to so construct the building as to providedouble outside walls with an intermediate dead air space between thewalls, the walls being spaced from each other by intermediate spacingelements of non-temperatureconducting material, the outer and innerwalls being so anchored to the spacing elements that the metallicmembers of the outer and inner walls are entirely separated from and outof contact with each other, thereby preventing frosting or theconduction of heat and cold to the interior of the building, and afurther object in this connection is to so form the floors, ceilings orroof that the elements constituting these parts are completelytemperature-insulated.

Still another object is to provide means whereby outer and innercoatings of plaster, stucco or the like may be readily applied over theouter and inner faces of the walls and anchored thereto.

The invention consists in the details of construction and in thecombination and arrangement of the several parts of my improved buildingstructure whereby certain important advantages are attained and thedevice rendered simpler, less expensive and otherwise more convenientand advantageous for use, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

The novel features of my invention will hereinafter be definitelyclaimed.

In order that my invention may be the better understood, I will nowproceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, wherein:-

Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a building unit constructed inaccordance with an embodiment of my invention with portions of thefilling material omitted and the unit being of a type to provide aWindow opening;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken through a portion of abuilding structure embodying my invention;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary diagrammatic View in top plan illustrating acorner portion of a building structure embodying features of myinvention;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken through a building structurecomprising a further embodiment of my invention;

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal sectional view takenthrough a building structure in accordance with an embodiment of myinvention and wherein a metallic window frame is included;

Figure 6 is also a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken through awindow opening illustrating an embodiment of my invention wherein isprovided pockets for the sash weights;

Figure 'l is a fragmentary horizontal section showing an embodiment ofmy invention wherein is provided a double partition wall;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view illustrating anembodiment of my invention comprising a single partition wall;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view illustrating anembodiment of my invention wherein a single partition wall is associatedwith a single wall.

In the several embodiments of my invention as illustrated in theaccompanying drawings it is to be noted that the structures comprise adesired assembly of a multiple of units. Each of these units A primarilyconsists of a rectangular frame, the top and bottom members I of whichare substantially flat while the side members 2 are substantiallyV-shaped in cross section with the apices (1 thereof disposed in thesame general direction. The cross sectional configuration of these sidemembers 2 is such that one providesa V-shaped groove and the other acomplementary V-shaped edge and in the assembly of the units theprojecting V-shaped edge 2 of one unit is snugly received within thegroove of the side member of an immediately adjacent unit whereby anefiective arrangement is obtained, said inter-' fitting members beingpreferably positively connected or united by welding, as at 3, althoughof course other anchoring means might be employed. These interfittingside membersof adjacent units A also assure the assembly of the units indesired alignment.

The top and bottom members I of the frame are also connected by thechannel members 4 suitably spaced from each other and from the sidemembers 2, the extremities of the members 4 being welded or otherwisesecurely anchored to the members i.

When the frame is intended for a door unit, the space between theapplied members 4 is unobstructed or a suitable lintel member 5 may beinterposed at a desired point between the members 4, said lintel member5 having its extremities welded or otherwise suitably secured to themembers 4.

As illustrated in Figure 1 the frame is for a Window unit and,therefore, in addition to the lintel 5, the members i have their lowerportions connected by a sill 6, the extremities of which are welded orotherwise rigidly secured to the mem bers The lintel 5 and the sill 6are preferably of channel formation and to further reinforce thecompleted unit, the adjacent members 2 and E are connected by the rods ias are also the lintel 5 and the top member I. These rods 7 arepreferably welded in place but may be otherwise secured. The frame isadapted to have set therein a filler 8 of cementitious or other desiredmaterial which is initially plastic or semiplastic. As before stated,Figure 1 illustrates a Window unit and, therefore, the space between themembers 5 and t is not provided with a filler and should it be desiredto form a door unit the space between the members i below the lintelmember 5 and the bottom member 6 of the frame wouldbe open.

When it is desired that the unit be a solid wall unit the interior ofthe frame is entirely filled with the filler 3.

The various units in accordance with the required dimensions may bereadily constructed on or off .the jobas may be preferred but each unitis completed and properly set before being placed in position in abuilding structure. Preferably, the units for forming the walls willhave a height equal to one story of a building.

It is to be particularly noted that each unit, whether it is tobe usedto form a solid wall or to be formed with a door or Window void, isconstructed of two longitudinal or vertical elements 2, which areangular in cross section from top to bottom, so that these elements areparticularly strong to resist vertical pressures and deforming stresses.Furthermore, each unit is braced by one or more interior longitudinallyextending elements 4 which are flanged so that these elements also willresist bending strains and compressive strains. The concrete or otherfilling material 8 is disposed within the spaces defined by thelongitudinal and transverse elements of the frame and is anchoredtherein not only by the inwardly turned tongues 9 and by theperforations it] formed by striking out these lugs, but by the flangeson the members i and on the members l, as shown most clearly in Figure2. These flanges anchor the material 8 to the members I and 4 and alsoact to prevent any chip-ping, scaling or cracking of the intermediatemass of concrete. It is particularly pointed out that with thisconstruction of unit the artificial stone 8 is simply a filling materialand that it is not subjected to any strains, because these strains areall taken up or resisted by the metallic elements of the frame. The barsI, 2, 4, etc., are not of thin sheet metal, but in actual practice havea thickness of at least A so that they are rigid and stiff, particularlyin View of the fact that these bars are flanged. v

The side members 2 together with the reinforcing or strengtheningmembers 4 have struck therefrom the tongues or projections '9 which areembedded in the filler 8 and act as keys or anchors to further hold thefiller in place within the frame. These tongues or keys 9 together withthe resultant openings or perforations in the members 2 and 4 also tendto distribute heat in case of fire and particularly serve to compensatefor the contraction and expansion of the frame and thus preventingbuckling. These building units in proper form or finish are of courseemployed in the constructing of the walls of a building, the roof,flooring and partitions.

In Figure 3 of the drawings isdiagrammatically illustrated the cornerportion of a wall of a building and wherein it will be noted that thecorner building units are of desired design as required to produce suchcorner and in this connection it may also be stated that the variousmembers of a building unit may be disposed along such lines to meet suchconditions as the required designs of a building structure may demand.

Figure 3 also diagrammatically indicates a building wall of a doubletype wherein is provided an intervening space H. The manner ofassembling the units in order to provide this intermediate air space butprevent the conduction of heat or cold through the walls of the buildingwill be now described.

As particularly illustrated in Figure 2, the units which are to form thedouble wall are disposed in spaced relation to each other and seatedupon the elongated trough-like plates l2 resting upon the upper surfaceof a foundation wall It, preferably of concrete or other like material.The side flange l5 extending along the outer margin of each of theplates I2 is outwardly inclined a predetermined degree to engage withina finished coating E6 of desired material and thus anchors suchfinishing material in position. However, before the application of thefinishing material or before the setting of the unit the plate I2 issecured to the unit by headed members ll hereafter referred to as spikesdriven through the flange l5, through the frame elements l and into thefiller 8 of a unit as shown in Figure 2. It is also to be noted thateach of the trough-like plates i2 is of a Width in excess of the widthof the adjacent member I of the frame so that the inner flange I8 of theplate I2 will be spaced from the inner side of the unit. This flange I8is received within a groove or channel I9 provided along the under faceof an intermediate spacer member 25. This member 20, as indicated inFigure 2, is of wood and snugly engages between the inner and outerunits at the bottom of the wall to maintain said units in spacedrelation. This spacer member 'also acts as a frost stop and keepsmoisture from condensing within the space II, for the reason that itbeing of wood and there being no metallic elements of the outer andinner walls in contact with each other, cold will not be conducted intothe interior of the house or through the air space II.

The member 20 is securely held or anchored to the foundation wall. orbase I4 by suitably positioned bolts, one of said bolts 2| beingillustrated in Figure 2. This bolt 2| has its headed end portionembedded in the wall or base I4 and extends thereabove a distancesufiicient to pass entirely through the member 20 so that a nut 22 maybe engaged with the bolt for contact from above with the applied spacermember 2|].

As illustrated in Figure 2, a window opening is illustrated and to thisend a spacer member 23 is disposed between the spaced units, the upperface of which is provided along its marginal portions with the groovesor channels 24 which receive the inner marginal flanges 25 of thetrough-like plates 26 resting upon the sill members 6 of the adjacentunits. Disposed through the inner marginal portions of these plates 26and penetrating the spacer member 23 are the holding or anchoring spikes21. The plates 26 have resting thereon a wooden window sill 28 said sillalso extending across and contacting with the top surface of the spacermember 23 and being nailed, as at 29, or otherwise secured thereto.

The lintel members 5 also have extending therealong the trough-likeplates 3|! having their inner flanges 3| extending into the grooves orrecesses 32 formed. in the exposed face of a wooden spacer member 35positioned between the adjacent building units and the inner portions ofsaid plates are nailed, as at 34, or otherwise anchored to the woodenspacer member 35. Bridging the member and contacting with the plates 30is the wooden lintel 36 nailed, as at 31, or otherwise anchored to themember 35. Along each of the members 4 and extending between the sill 28and the lintel 36 is a. wooden jamb 38.

The upper or top marginal portions of the adjacent building units haveinterposed therebetween a wooden spacer member 39 having the marginalrecesses or slots 43 to receive the inner flanges 4| of the trough-likeplates 42 resting upon the units with the inner marginal portions of theplates 42 nailed, as at 43, or otherwise anchored to the member 39.Resting upon the member 42 associated with the upper end of the innerwall structure and partially overlying the spacer member 39 is the endportion of a horizontally disposed building unit or ceiling slab 44.This unit 44 is of precisely the same character as the building unitheretofore described and consists of an outer metallic frame formed withthe members I and 2 and any desired longitudinally extending reinforcingmember such as 4 or I. The cross bar I of the unit or slab 44 abutsagainst the inner face of a wooden beam 45 resting upon the plate orstrip 42 on the building unit of the outer wall, said beam 45 beingspiked, as indicated at 46 or otherwise anchored to the spacer 39. Thisbeam 45 also partially laps the spacer 39 and thereby serves effectivelyas a frost stop by reason of the fact that it separates the metallicelements I and 42 entirely from each other, as previously explained. Thebuilding unit 44 is held or anchored to the member 45 by a series ofsuitably positioned bolts 46, one of which being illustrated in Figure2. This bolt 46 is of a length to engage through an end cross bar I ofthe building unit and said bolt threads through a holding nut 47 buttingthe inner face of said member I of the unit 44. It will be noted thatthe cross bar I is disposed to rest upon the wooden spacer 39 so thatthough the bolt 46 extends to the front of the building and engages, aswill be explained, with an angle iron 48 and, therefore, would act as aconducting element between the front of the building and the wall, yetthe cross bar I engages against the filling of the slab 44 and engagesagainst the wooden spacer 39, so that no conduction can occur.

One or more brackets 48 are secured to the member 45 and each of saidbrackets carries an upstanding lug 49 which is received within a notchor recess 50 provided in the inner face of a roof slab or building unit5| adjacent a marginal portion thereof. This provides means foreffectively holding the roof slab or unit 5| in position and this slabor unit 5| is maintained in desired inclination by a brace 52 interposedbetween the slab or unit 5| and the slab or unit 44. This brace 52 ismetallic and is preferably welded to metallic portions of the slabs orunits 44 and 5| although, of course, other connections may be used. Itwill, of course, be understood that the roof slab 5| is constructed inthe same manner as the wall unit heretofore described. It is alsopointed out that Figure 2, which has just been described, illustratesthe application of my invention to a bungalow type of building of onlyone story and that the outer walls are formed of vertically disposedunits which are each one story in height, so that the floor units restupon the upper ends of these vertical units and the units composing theroof also rest upon the upper ends of these vertical units, the weightcreated by these floor and roof units being supported entirely by theangular irons 2 and one or more vertical channel irons 4, which areembedded within the unit so that the artificial stone matrix or massenclosed within the frame of each unit is not subjected to this pressureand, therefore, may be relatively thin, particularly in view of the factthat, as illustrated in Figure 2, two walls are used composed of theserelatively thin units, both of which walls act to support the floor androof.

In Figure 5 is illustrated an embodiment of my invention which isparticularly adapted for use in connection with a metallic window frame.The structure comprised in this form of my invention is substantiallythe same as hereinbefore described with respect to Figure 2 except thatthe members 23' and 34 together with the jambs have secured to theirouter faces the wooden strips 53 nailed, as at 54, or otherwise securedin place. These strips 53 define an opening in which is snugly fitted ametallic window frame 55, said frame being anchored by the screws 55 orotherwise as may be preferred to the members or strips 53.

Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of my invention comprising a multiplefloor structure and wherein a portion of the wall is of a double typeand another portion of a single type. In this embodiment of my inventionthe upper or top face of the foundation F has disposed along its outermarginal portion a beam 51 preferably of wood and which, as is believedto be clearly understood serves or acts as a frost stop. Butting thisbeam or memberlel is a marginal portion of a building unit B embodyingthe same characteristics as the units hereinbefore referred toexceptthat the same is preferably of a heavier construction. This unit B isheld to the beam or member 51 by suitably positioned bolts one of whichis indicated at 58.

Resting upon the member or beam 51 and the adjacent portion of the unitB are the inner and outer spaced units of the wall structure, said unitsbeing constructed and assembled in substantially the same manner ashereinbefore described with respect'to Figure 2 except that the bottombeam 20' is nailed, as at 59, or otherwise directly anchored to the beamor member 51.

Supported by these wall units in the same manner as hereinbeforereferred to with respect to the unit 44 in Figure 2 is a unit 60constituting in this embodiment of my invention both a ceiling and floorunit, and resting on this applied unit 68 and its associated beam arethe additional wall units which in turn support a ceiling unit 53 in thesame manner as hereinbefore described with respect to the unit 43 inFigure 2. Mounted upon the wooden member or beam 45 is a parapet unit 6!and bolted or otherwise held to the inner face of this unit Bil is anangle iron 62 which runs the entire length of the building and providesa support and a place of attachment for the roof section 63 which isconstructed in the same manner as heretofore described for the roof slab5|.

In Figure 6 is illustrated an embodiment of the invention substantiallythe same as hereinbefore described in detail with respect to Figure 2except that the inner flanges 3! of the trough-like members 30 extend amaterial distance inwardly of the associated wall units so that saidflanges 3| may be nailed, as at 64, or otherwise secured to thevertically disposed spacer member 65 interposed between the buildingunits. These spacer units are arranged at each side of the windowopening but are arranged in desired spaced relation with respect to theadjacent window jamb 38 in order to provide a pocket or well 66 for thesash balance weights diagrammatically indicated at 57.

In Figure 8 is illustrated an embodiment of my invention which includesthe feature of a single partition associated with a double. wall. Thedouble wall is constructed as hereinbefore described and the exposedface of an inner unit 68 is provided thereon with a vertically disposedmetallic channel strip 69 bolted or otherwise held in place, one of thebolts 15 being illustrated in Figure 8. The bolt '70 is also disposedthrough a member ll extending entirely along the building unit or slab68. While this member H is illustrated as of wood it is to be understoodthat it can be made of metal or other preferred material.

A partition slab or unit P has a marginal portion extending within thetrough-like strip 69 and one side flange i2 is welded to a V-shapedvertical bar 22 of the unit. or slab while the other flange 13 of themember 69 is crimped over the opposite marginal portion of the memberzIf preferred, however, both of the flanges l2 and 73 may be welded tothe member 2 or crimped.

When it is preferred to weld the opposite end portions of a member, suchas 2 of a partition unit P to a strip 69 this strip 69 may be flat fromend to end with the desired Welding being effected along the outermarginal portions of the member 2 This particular arrangement isillustrated in Figure 9 andwherein the wall is of a single structure.

In Figure 7 is illustrated an embodiment of my invention wherein adouble wall partition is employed in connection with a double wallstructure. In this particular arrangement an elongated beam Hipreferably of wood is bolted, as at 75, or otherwise securely held tothe outer face of the inner wall unit. The inner face of this beam Malong its opposite longitudinal marginal portions is provided with thegrooves'or channels 16 to receive the laterally disposed flanges lldefining the inner margins of the metallic strips 18. These strips 18have direct contact with the inner face of the main wall and aremaintained in desired position by the applied member M. The spaced unitsP" comprised in the partition structure have certain of their V-shapedbars, as 2, contacting With these strips 18 with the outer marginalportions of the members 2 welded, as at 19, to the strips 18.

It is, believed to be clearly apparent that a building constructed inaccordance with my invention is one which eliminates the penetration offrost through the Walls, floor or ceiling which would otherwise resultin condensation on the inner surfaces. It is to be further noted thatinsofar as the building units are concerned the metal parts aresubstantially embedded in the composition material thereby rendering thebuilding unit rustproof. It is also believed to be clearly apparent thatthe building units or slabs can be made inv such sizes and shapes as tobe properly used with all kinds of construction. and to be readilyadapted to any special design.

It is also believed to be clearly apparent that my improved buildingconstruction is one wherein the construction costs, time and labor aregreatly lessened with the further advantage of rapidity in constructionand in the production of what might be termed a homogeneous structure ofmaximum strength. Furthermore, it is to be stated in connection with myimproved building unit there is no need for supporting posts, girders orother projections on the outside or inside of walls nor in or on theceilings as all of the various building units or slabs are soconstructed that when connected they are entirely self-supporting with aresultant advantage that all stresses and strains are: distributedthroughout the building structure as a whole. The metal frames comprisedin the building units when connected together in a structure constitutewhat may be termed a skeleton metal frame, rigid and of great strengthand supporting capacity. The filler 3 eliminates the necessity of brickwalls, lath and plaster and such other construction costs. Plaster andstucco can be readily applied directly to the units or slabs withoutfurring or lathing being necessary.

From the foregoing description it is thought to be obvious that abuilding construction constructed in accordance with my invention is.particularly well adapted for use by reason of the convenience andfacility with which it may be assembled and operated, and it will alsobe obvious that my invention is susceptible of some change andmodification without departing from the principles and spirit thereofand for this reason I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself tothe precise arrangement and formation of the several parts herein shownin carrying out my invention in practice except as hereinafter claimed.

I claim:

1. In combination with a building slab or unit, a trough-like memberreceiving a marginal portion of the slab or unit, said member havingside flanges, means for connecting one of the side flanges to the unit,the other flange providing means for holding the slab in position.

2. In combination with a building slab or unit, a trough-like memberreceiving a marginal portion of the slab or unit, said member havingside flanges, means for connecting one of the side flanges to the unit,the other flange providing means for holding the slab in position, saidside flange extending inwardly of the slab or unit a distance greaterthan the first named side flange,

3. In combination with a building slab or unit, a trough-like memberreceiving a marginal portion of the slab or unit, said member havingside flanges, means for connecting one of the side flanges to the unit,the other flange providing means for holding the slab in position, theside flange secured to the slab or unit being inclined in a directionaway from the slab or unit.

4. In combination with a building unit or slab, a member extending alonga marginal portion of the unit or slab and secured thereto, said memberhaving a part extending outwardly beyond the slab or unit, and a memberhaving a groove to receive said outstanding part.

5. As an article of manufacture, a building unit consisting of an outermetallic rectangular frame, all of the elements of the frame beingangular in cross section, the two parallel frame members extendinglongitudinally of the frame being V- shaped in cross section, the apicesof both of these V-shaped members extending in the same directionwhereby the outwardly projecting V-shaped member of one block may beinserted in the inwardly extending V-shaped member of an adjacent blockto have metallic contact therewith and be welded thereto.

6. As an article of manufacture, a building unit consisting of an outermetallic rectangular frame having a width equal to a full story of abuilding, the parallel longitudinal elements of the frame being V-shapedin cross section, the apices of these V-shaped elements extending in thesame direction, the frame members at the ends of the unit and extendingat right angles to the V- shaped elements having inwardly extending edgeflanges, and an internal filling of cementitious material disposedwithin said frame, the edge flanges of the end elements being embeddedin the material and all of said elements having inwardly extendingtongues anchored in said material.

7. A building wall formed of inner and outer units, each unit having aheight equal to one story of a building, each unit comprising arectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material withinthe frame and anchored thereto, and wooden spacing blocks disposedbetween the upper and lower ends of the outer and inner units andanchored to said outer and inner units.

8. A building wall, including a plurality of alined units, each unitcomprising a rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitiousmaterial disposed within the frame and anchored thereto, thelongitudinal elements of the metallic frame being V-shaped in crosssection, the apices of both of said elements extending in the samedirection, the projecting edge of one unit being inserted in the grooveformed by the adjacent element of the next adjacent units and themetallic faces of adjacent frames being welded to each other.

9. A building wall formed of a series of inner and outer units, eachunit having a height equal to one story of the building, each unitcomprising a rectangular metallic frame, and a filling of cementitiousmaterial within the frame and anchored thereto, the metallic frames ofeach wall being welded to each other, spacing blocks of temperatureinsulating material disposed between the upper and lower ends of theouter and inner units, and means anchoring said outer and inner units tothe spacing blocks.

10. A building wall formed of a series of inner and outer units, eachunit having a height equal to one story of the building, each unitcomprising a rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitiousmaterial within the frame and anchored thereto, the metallic frames ofeach wall being welded to each other, spacing blocks of temperatureinsulating material disposed between the upper and lower ends of theouter and inner units, metallic anchoring means anchoring the outer andinner units to the spacing blocks, the inner ends of the metallicanchoring means being separated from each other by the material of thespacing blocks.

11. In a building, outer and inner walls, each wall formed of a seriesof oblong units, each unit having a height of a story of the building,each unit consisting of an outer rectangular metallic frame and afilling of cementitious material anchored to the frame, the frames ofthe inner wall being welded to each other and the frames of the outerwall being welded to each other, spacing blocks of temperatureinsulating material disposed between the upper and lower ends of theinner and outer units, means anchoring the units to the spacing blocks,horizontally disposed units each having a rectangular metallic frame anda filling of cementitious material disposed within the frame, the framesbeing welded to each other, said horizontal units extending over theinner wall and lapping upon the uppermost spacing block, and a beam oftemperature insulating material disposed horizontally over and restingupon the upper surfaces of the uppermost units and overlapping theuppermost spacing blocks and anchored to said horizontally disposedunits, said upper beam insulating the metallic frames of the uppermostunits from contact with the metallic frames of the outer wall units.

12. In a building structure of the character described, a wallcomprising a series of inner and outer units, each unit comprising ametallic rectangular frame and a filling of cementitious material, thevertical members of each frame being welded to the vertical members ofadjacent frames, means spacing said inner and outer walls from eachother, said spacing means being formed of a material non-conductive totemperature and being anchored to the units of the outer and innerwalls, a partition wall including a vertically disposed unit comprisinga rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material, theframe member at the side edge of said wall being V-shaped in crosssection, the apex of the V being directed inward, a metallic plateextending across the open face of the V-shaped side member of the frameand anchored thereto, and a bolt extending through said plate, throughsaid adjacent wall unit and a beam of non-temperature conductivematerial disposed against the inner face of the wall unit and throughwhich said bolt passes.

13. In a building structure of the character described, a wallcomprising a series of inner and outer units, each unit comprising ametallic rectangular frame and a filling of cementitious material, thevertical members of each frame being Welded to the vertical members ofadjacent frames, means spacing said inner and outer walls from eachother, said spacing means being formed of a material-non-conductive totemperature and being anchored to the units of the outer and innerwalls, a partition extending at right angles to: the outer walls andeach composed of two separated walls, each of said partition walls beingcomposed of units, each unit comprising a rectangular metallic frame anda filling of cementitious material, an intermediate spacing beam ofnon-temperature conductive material disposed between the Walls of thepartition and anchored thereto, a bolt passing through said intermediatebeam, through an inner unit of the main wall, and a vertically extendingbeam disposed against the inner face of an inner unit of the main walland through which said bolt passes.

JOSEPH S. NAGEL.

